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1.  **Glass Manufacturing (The Major Use):**
    *   **Use:** As a **fluxing agent** to lower the melting point of silica sand, the main ingredient in glass.
    *   **Why Dense Ash?** Its large, dense granules minimize dusting during handling and transport, improve flow characteristics in automated batching systems, and lead to more uniform melting in the furnace. It's the preferred form for large-scale glass production (container glass, flat glass, fiberglass), accounting for roughly **half of all global soda ash consumption**.

2.  **Chemical Manufacturing:**
    *   **Use:** As a raw material (**precursor**) for making numerous other sodium-based chemicals.
    *   **Examples:** Sodium silicates (water glass), sodium bicarbonate (baking soda), sodium phosphates (detergent builders), sodium chromates, sodium dichromates, etc. Dense ash is often preferred for its handling properties in bulk chemical plants.

3.  **Detergent and Cleaning Products:**
    *   **Use:** As a **builder** in powdered laundry and dishwashing detergents.
    *   **Role:** Softens water (by precipitating calcium and magnesium ions), enhances surfactant effectiveness, provides alkalinity for cleaning, and helps suspend soil. While liquid detergents are common, powdered formulations still rely heavily on soda ash, where dense ash reduces dust.

4.  **Water Treatment:**
    *   **Use:** As a **pH adjuster/regulator** and for **alkalinity enhancement**.
    *   **Applications:** Neutralizing acidic wastewater, conditioning boiler feed water to prevent corrosion, pH adjustment in municipal water treatment, and stabilizing pH in swimming pools.

5.  **Metallurgy:**
    *   **Use:** In the processing of certain ores and metals.
    *   **Examples:** Acting as a flux in smelting, aiding in the removal of sulfur and phosphorous impurities, and in the extraction of uranium and vanadium.

6.  **Pulp and Paper Industry:**
    *   **Use:** In **pulping processes** (kraft process recovery cycle) and as a **pH adjuster** in bleaching and papermaking.
    *   **Role:** Helps regenerate cooking chemicals (converting sodium sulfate to sodium hydroxide and sodium sulfide) and controls acidity.

7.  **Other Industrial Applications:**
    *   Includes uses in **brick manufacturing**, **ceramics**, **flue gas desulfurization**, and as a relatively mild alkali in various industrial cleaning formulations.

**In summary:** While sodium carbonate (in various forms) has many uses, **dense soda ash (large granular)** is **primarily used in the glass industry** due to its superior handling and melting properties. Its other major industrial applications are in chemical manufacturing, detergents, and water treatment, where its density and low dust are advantageous.