Super capacitor (Supercapa super capacitor CitoRS), also known as electrochemical capacitor (Electrochemical Capacitors), is a new type of reservoir development, the last century eighty's seven up to device. It is the power supply has a special performance, a cross between conventional capacitors and batteries, mainly rely on electric double layer and redox pseudo capacitive charge electric energy storage, which is different from the traditional chemical power source. The outstanding advantages of the super capacitor is the high power density, charge and discharge time is short, long cycle life, wide operating temperature range.
Characteristic
(1) fast charging, charging 10 seconds to 10 minutes can reach more than 95% of its rated capacity;
(2) a long cycle life, depth charge discharge cycle use frequency can reach 1~50 million times, there is no "memory effect";
(3) high current discharge ability is strong, high energy conversion efficiency, loss of small, high current energy cycle efficiency higher than 90%;
(4) the power density is high, up to 300W/KG~5000W/KG, equivalent to 5~10 times the battery;
(5) composition, product raw material production, use, storage and dismantling process are no pollution, is the ideal green power;
(6) the charge and discharge circuit is simple, no need of charging the battery as the charging circuit, high safety factor, long term use of maintenance free;
(7) the ultra low temperature characteristics, wide temperature range of -40 to +70 DEG c;
(8) the detection is convenient, the remaining power can be read directly;
(9) the capacity range of the usual 0.1F--3000F.
Fala (farad), referred to as the "law", the symbol F
1 Fala is a capacitor to store the 1 Coulomb potential difference, between the two electrode plates is 1 volts 1F=1C/1V
1 coulomb is 1A current at 1s transport power, that is 1C=1A S.
1 Coulomb =1 ampere - seconds
1 Fala =1, S / volt ampere
Analogy
Battery (battery) power =14*3600*12=604800 Fala put 12 V 14 ah (F), (Note: 12 V 14 ah battery is composed of 6 blocks to the series 2v14 ah, if changed 6 fast parallel, equal to 2v84 ah, 1V is converted to 168 ah)
The earth capacitance value is only about 1-2F
Super capacitor and battery has the following characteristics comparison:
A. super low equivalent series resistance (LOW ESR), power density (Power Density) is a lithium ion battery dozens of times, suitable for high current discharge, (a 4.7F capacitor can release the instantaneous current more than 18A).
B. long life, charge and discharge is more than 500000 times, 500 times of Li-Ion battery, is 1000 times of Ni-MH and Ni-Cd cell, if the super capacitor charging and discharging 20 times a day, continuous use of up to 68 years.
C. high current charging, charge and discharge time is short, the charging circuit simple, no memory effect.
D. maintenance free, can seal.
E. wide temperature range of -40 to +70 DEG C, the battery is generally -20 to 60 DEG C.
F. super capacitor can be series parallel composition into a super capacitor module, can withstand more high capacity storage!
Supplement
The super capacitors (supercapacitor, ultracapacitor), electric double layer capacitor (Electrical Doule-Layer Capacitor) is also called golden capacitor, capacitor, Fala, through the polarization electrolyte storage. It is an electrochemical device, but in the process of the reservoir can not occur chemical reaction, the energy storage process is reversible, it is because of the super capacitor can be repeated charge discharge hundreds of thousands of times.
The super capacitor can be regarded as suspended in the electrolyte two non reactive porous electrode plate, and power in the plate, positive plate attract negative ions in the electrolyte, the negative plate attract the positive ions, in fact, the formation of two capacitive storage layer, is separated from the positive ion in the anode plate nearby. Negative ion in the anode plate nearby. (see Figure 1)
A super capacitor differs from traditional capacitor its "super" where?
The super capacitor is stored in a charge separated in energy, charge storage area is greater, the separated charge for more intensive, the capacitance of the greater.
The traditional area of the capacitor is the flat area of conductor, in order to obtain larger capacity, conductor material rolled very long, sometimes with a special organizational structure to increase its surface area. Traditional capacitor insulating materials for the bipolar plate is the separation of it, generally for plastic film, paper and so on, these materials are usually required as thin as possible.
The super capacitor is the area of the porous carbon materials based on porous junction, the material enough to allow the area up to 2000m2/g, by some measures can achieve greater surface area. The super capacitor charge separation distance is determined by the size of electrolyte ions are attracted to the charged electrode. The distance (<10 &Aring;) and traditional capacitor film material can realize the distance smaller.
The surface area of the charge separation distance of the huge, plus a very small so that the super capacitor has surprised people's Congress electrostatic capacity than traditional capacitor, which is the "super".
Two, the super capacitor has what advantages and disadvantages?
1, the advantages of
We reached the capacitance Fala level in a very small volume;
The charging circuit and discharging circuit without special control
We compared and battery overcharge, put all the life not a negative effect;
Result from the environmental point of view, it is a kind of green energy;
The super capacitor can be welded, so there is no problem as the battery contact not firm;
2, disadvantages
* if improper use can cause electrolyte leakage;
Compared - and aluminum electrolytic capacitor, its internal resistance is larger, and therefore can not be used for AC circuit;
Three, the super capacitor has what use?
Low impedance - super capacitors are essential for many of today's high power applications. For a quick charge and discharge, the super capacitor small ESR means more power output.
The instantaneous pulse power applications, the short time power important memory, memory system support.
Four, application examples
1, application of fast charge, a few seconds to a few minutes to charge, discharge. For example, electric tools, electric toys;
2, in the UPS system, the super capacitor provides instantaneous power output, as a supplement to the standby power engine or other uninterrupted system of;
3, applied to the energy is sufficient, the power of energy, such as solar energy;
4, when the power bus from a power source is switched to another power source support;
5, small current, long time continuous discharge, such as computer memory back-up power;
Five, I can more quickly to the super capacitor discharge?
The super capacitor can be charged and discharged rapidly, the peak current limit only by its internal resistance is not lethal, even short circuit.
It actually depends on the capacitor body size, for matching load, small body can be placed 10A, macromonomer can hold 1000A.
The restrictive conditions of another discharge rate is hot, repeated at a rate of violent will make the capacitor discharge temperature increases, eventually leading to circuit breaker.
Six, how do I discharge control of super capacitor?
The resistance of super capacitor hinder its rapid discharge, super capacitor time constant in 1~2s, completely to the resistive capacitive discharge circuit requires about 5 t, that is to say if the short circuit discharge is about 5~10s. (due to the special structure of electrode they actually have to spend several hours to the residual charge completely put clean)
Seven, the super capacitor battery than the better?
The super capacitor is different from the battery, in some applications, it may be better than the battery. Sometimes unifies both, high energy storage power characteristics and battery capacitor combination, a better way is to.
The super capacitor can be charged to any potential at its rated voltage range, and can be completely released. While the battery is affected by its chemical reaction limited work in the voltage range is narrow, if overdischarge may cause permanent damage.
The super capacitor charge state (SOC) to form a simple function and voltage, and the battery state of charge includes conversion complex.
The super capacitor and its equivalent size compared to traditional capacitors can store more energy, super capacitor battery and its size can be compared to store more energy. In the application of some power determines the energy storage device size, the super capacitor is a better way.
The super capacitor can be repeatedly transmitted pulse of energy without any adverse effects on the contrary, if the battery repeated transmission of high power pulsed the reduced life expectancy.
The super capacitor can be fast charging and battery quick charging will damage.
The super capacitor can be repeated cycle of hundreds of thousands of times, and battery life only hundreds of cycles.
Eight, how to select the super capacitor I needed?
The first, power requirements, discharge time and the system voltage changes play a decisive role.
The output voltage of the super capacitor drop is composed of two parts, one part is the release of energy super capacitor; the other part is caused by the internal resistance of super capacitor. The two part who accounted for mainly depends on the time, the pulse is very fast, the resistance part accounts for the main, on the contrary in the long time discharge, the capacitive portion occupies the main.
The following basic parameters determine your choice of capacitor size
1, the maximum working voltage;
2, the work of the cut-off voltage;
3, average discharge current;
4, the discharge time long
