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Ammonium chloride is colorless crystal or white crystalline powder; Odourless, taste salty, cool; Have led to wet. This product soluble in water, slightly soluble in ethanol

The quality of industrial ammonium chloride:

The index name Grade a second

Ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) (dry basis) the mass fraction of / % 99.3 99.0 or higher

Water / % 1.0 1.0 or less

Sodium chloride (dry basis) / % 0.2 0.3 or less

Water insolubles / % 0.02 0.03 or less

Sulfate / % 0.02 0.04 or less

PH 4.2 ~ 5.8 4.2 ~ 5.8

Use process

use

Ammonium chloride to phlegm cough

Ammonium chloride pharmacological

pharmacodynamics

Part into the body (1) ammonium chloride, ammonium ions quickly by the liver metabolism, formation of urea, by the urine. Combined into hydrochloric acid with hydrogen, chlorine ion and redress alkalosis.

(2) because the chemical irritation of mucous membrane, reflective and increased sputum volume, to discharge sputum easily, thus is advantageous to the difficult to produce a small amount of phlegm removal. After the product is absorbed, chloride ions into the blood and urine acidification of extracellular fluid.

Disable the careful

(1) liver and kidney dysfunction were banned, kidney function not full-time careful, in case of high chlorine acidosis.

(2) in patients with sickle cell anemia, can cause a lack of oxygen or (and) acidosis.

(3) patients with ulcer disease, metabolic acidemia.

(4) the pregnant women and nursing mothers are prohibited

(5) the children under the guidance of use

Mainly used in batteries, battery, ammonium salt, tanning, electroplating, precision casting, electrode, adhesive, medicine, photography, yeast nutrients and dough improver, etc. Ammonium chloride called ammonium chloride and ammonium chloride, is a kind of available nitrogen fertilizers, nitrogen content is 24% ~ 25%, belong to physiological acid fertilizer. It apply to crops of wheat, rice, corn, canola, especially for cotton crops have strengthen the effect of the fiber tenacity and tension and improve the quality. However, due to the nature ammonium chloride and if used wrong, often bring some bad influence soil and crops. Generally the use of ammonium nitrate.

In addition, there are many foreign farm class ammonium ammonium chloride as a nonprotein nitrogen added to the feed cattle and sheep and other animals, but adding quantity have strict restrictions.

Can be used as a fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer, but ammoniacal fertilizer cannot with alkaline fertilizer application, also had better not in saline-alkali land use, so as not to reduce the fertilizer effect. Ammonium chloride is strong acid its salt, release acid at high temperature, often used in casting hot core box coremaking ammonium chloride do curing agent, its matching: ammonium chloride, urea: water = 1:3:3.

Personal protective

Respiratory protection: dust concentration in air exceeds bid, must wear self-priming filter type dust mask. Emergency rescue or evacuation, air breathing apparatus should be worn.

Eye protection: wear chemical safety goggles.

Body protection: wear protective material penetration overalls.

Hand protection: wear rubber gloves.

Other protective: after work, shower change clothes. Pay attention to personal hygiene. Good ventilation is required in the equipment product shall be sealed, workshop.

First aid measures

Skin contact: remove contaminated clothing, with plenty of liquid water washing.

Eye contact: mention eyelid, irrigate with flowing water or normal saline. Go to a doctor.

Inhalation: quickly from the scene to fresh air. Keep respiratory tract unobstructed. Such as difficulty in breathing, give oxygen. If breathing stops, artificial respiration immediately. Go to a doctor.

Eating: drink enough water, vomiting. Gastric lavage, drainage. Go to a doctor.

Fire control measures

The special burning explosion dangerous features: no features. Decomposition to produce toxic corrosive flue gas under high temperature.

Hazardous combustion products: hydrogen chloride, nitrogen oxides.

Fire extinguishing methods: fire fighters have to wear a whole body fire protective clothing, in the direction of the wind fire. When the fire will remove containers from fire to open as much as possible.

Leak emergency treatment

Emergency treatment: the isolation leakage pollution area, restricted movement. Recommended emergency personnel wear dust mask (comprehensive cover), wear protective clothing. Avoid dust, sweep, carefully placed in the bag shift to safe places. If a large number of leaks, covered with plastic cloth, canvas. Collect recycling or shipped to the disposal of waste places.

Production methods to edit

Hydrogen chloride gas from the bottom of the absorption tower through turbulence, and the tower spray circular mother liquor contact, generate hydrogen chloride saturated ammonium chloride mother liquor into the reactor, and ventilation with ammonia neutralization reaction, generate ammonium chloride saturated solution. Sent to the cooling crystallizer, the cooling to 30 ~ 45 ℃, the supersaturated precipitation with ammonium chloride crystals. Send the upper mold ammonium chloride solution to air cooling apparatus for cooling and circulation to mould; Lower crystal slurry by the thick device thickening after centrifugation, ammonium chloride was finished. The HCl + NH3 - NH4Cl by centrifugal separation to turbulent absorber recycle of mother liquor. [3]

Ionic editor

Ammonium chloride are ionic compounds [4], soluble in water, ionization out root and ammonium chloride ions in the water. To move around freely in the molten state, the formation of root and ammonium chloride ions, which can conduct electricity.

Ammonium chloride with ammonium root radius is 143 PM, close to potassium ion (133 PM) and the radius of the rubidium ions (149 PM), and ammonium salt properties similar to the alkali metal salts, and often with potassium and rubidium salt crystal, and had similar solubility.

Ammonium chloride cell types is a cesium chloride type, namely the chloride ion do simple cubic stacking, ammonium ions, fill in all the cube gap for the cubic system, a simple cubic unit cell.

Storage and transportation to edit

Should be stored in a cool, ventilated, dry inside storeroom, pay attention to moistureproof. Avoid with acid, alkali substances during storage. In the process of transportation to prevent rain and strong sunlight. To handle with care when handling to prevent damaged packaging. Fire, water, sand, carbon dioxide fire extinguisher.

Technical conditions: implement national standards of the People's Republic of China.

GB/T2946-2008 (2009) on August 1, begin to execute, products divided into two major categories of ammonium chloride for industrial ammonium chloride and agricultural use, among them, industrial ammonium chloride grade a quality standard is as follows:

(1) appearance: white crystalline

2 ammonium chloride content (dry basis) > 99.3%

(3) water content < 0.7%

(4) ignition residue < 0.4%

5] iron content < 0.001%

[6] heavy metal content (Pb) < 0.0005%

Once sulfate content (SO42 - meter) < 0.05%

Being PH value: 4.0 to 5.8

The category of salt

Medical application editor

indications

The goods for stimulating expectorant: suitable for dry cough and sputum is not easy to produce, etc.; Also need to acidification of urine for urinary tract infection. The goods used for correcting metabolic alkalosis.

(1) severe metabolic alkalosis, apply sufficient amount of sodium chloride injection can't satisfied correction. (2) according to the load test chloride can understand the acidification of the renal tubular function, used in the differential diagnosis of renal tubular acidosis. (3) the expectorant, suitable for dry cough and sputum is not easy to produce.

Usage.

1. Adults often dose of oral; Expectorant, a 0.3 ~ 0.6 g, 3 times a day. Diuresis, a 0.6 ~ 2 g, 3 times a day.

2. Children often use 40 ~ 60 mg/kg body weight per day, or by the surface area of 1.5 g/m2, four times.

[preparation and specification] ammonium chloride 0.3 g

Severe metabolic alkalosis oral, a 1 ~ 2 g, 3 times a day. Intravenous when necessary, at 2% of the weight of 1 ml/kg ammonium chloride can reduce CO2CPO. 45 tendency to calculate L should give quantity of ammonium chloride, with 5% glucose injection was diluted to 0.9% (isotonic) concentration, intravenous drip into the points and 2 ~ 3 times. [preparation and specification] ammonium chloride 0.3 g expectorant, adult oral a 0.3 ~ 0.6 g, 3 times a day. Children's day 30 ~ 60 mg/kg; Diuresis, a 0.6 ~ 2 g, 3 times a day, after meals.

Disable the careful

Liver and kidney dysfunction are prohibited;

(2) in patients with sickle cell anemia, can cause a lack of oxygen or (and) acidosis.

The improvement liver function is full-time disabled.

Kidney function not full-time careful, in case of high chlorine acidosis.

(3) patients with ulcer disease, metabolic acidemia.

(4) pregnant women and nursing mothers are prohibited

5] children under the guidance of use

Dosing instructions

Follow-up check: (1) acid-base balance analysis indicators; (2) determination of blood concentration of chloride, potassium, sodium.

Mild, moderate, metabolic alkalosis, only give enough sodium chloride injection or at the same time give potassium chloride can be corrected. The goods is used only for severe metabolic alkalosis.

When used in the differential diagnosis of renal tubular acidosis, acidosis, does not need to redo ammonium chloride load test, so as to avoid aggravating acidosis.

Adverse reactions

After taking nausea, vomiting. Excessive or long term usage can cause acidosis and hypokalemia.

(1) ammonium chloride can cause excessive high chlorine acidosis, low potassium and hyponatremia.

Liver function is full-time, because the liver cannot urea and ammonium ions can be converted to ammonia poisoning.

(3) oral ammonium chloride can be gastrointestinal reaction.

Dose are vomiting, nausea, can cause gastrointestinal irritation or discomfort.

Interact with each other

The goods and sulfadiazine, with nitrofurantoin for compatibility taboo.

With alkali, aureomycin, neomycin, with nitrofurantoin for compatibility, sulfadiazine, warfarin is taboo.

Adverse reactions and the matters needing attention are as follows:

(1) application can lead to excessive high chlorine acid hematic disease, therefore, should pay attention to use appropriate for this.

2 all right heart failure and liver cirrhosis patients with metabolic alkali fact, all should disable the drug, to the original condition.

(3) renal insufficiency patients also need to disable.

The drug should not be with the sodium amino salicylic acid, aspirin and spironolactone share, one side is the latter toxicity increased. Unfavorable also and benzedrine, imipramine, amitriptyline or doxepin share, lest cause the latter effect weakened.

CAS No. : 12125-02-9

Industrial editor

Industrial ammonium chloride 99.5%

Chemical name: industrial ammonium chloride

English name: AMMONIUM CHLORIDE

Minor: NH4Cl

Son: 53.49

Sex to pledge

Industrial ammonium chloride is white powder or granular crystal, odourless, taste salty, with a cool and refreshing. Easy absorption of moisture agglomerate, soluble in water, soluble in glycerol and ammonia, soluble in ethanol, insoluble in acetone and ethyl ether, at 350 ℃ sublimation, in weak acid solution.

Technical conditions

Implement national standards of the People's Republic of China: GBT - 2946-2008

(1) appearance: white crystalline

2 ammonium chloride content (dry basis), 99.5%

(3) the moisture content of 0.4%

(4) sodium chloride content (dry basis) < 0.2%

5] iron content of 0.001%

[6] heavy metal content (Pb) < 0.0005%

Once water content of 0.02%

Being sulfate content (SO42 - meter) 0.02%

'levies PH value: 4.0 ~ 5.8

⑽ ignition residue: 0.4%

packaging

Each bag of 25 kg or 50 kg with inner plastic bags, outer woven bag.

use

The purpose of industrial-grade ammonium chloride is mainly used in batteries, electroplating, dyeing, casting, medicine, flocking, wool, chemical intermediates, and so on.